https://jjprojectsok.com https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/home JJ Projects: industrial engineering and procurement, Houston https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/hero-drawn-to-spec.webp Four product drawings are drawn in as engineering line sheets, each with its overall dimensions A and B and a caption naming the governing standard: a weld neck flange to ASME B16.5, a gate valve to API 600, an end-suction centrifugal pump to ASME B73.1 and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to TEMA and ASME Section VIII. Each drawing is erased as the next is drawn, and the sequence repeats. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/hero-drawn-to-spec.mp4 17 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z weekly 1 https://jjprojectsok.com/es https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/home JJ Projects: ingeniería y procura industrial, Houston https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/hero-drawn-to-spec.webp Cuatro dibujos de producto se trazan como láminas de ingeniería, cada uno con sus dimensiones generales A y B y una leyenda con la norma de referencia: una brida de cuello soldable según ASME B16.5, una válvula de compuerta según API 600, una bomba centrífuga de succión final según ASME B73.1 y un intercambiador de calor de tubos y coraza según TEMA y ASME Sección VIII. Cada dibujo se borra mientras se traza el siguiente, y la secuencia se repite. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/hero-drawn-to-spec.mp4 17 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z weekly 0.9 https://jjprojectsok.com/services https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/services 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.9 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/services https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/services 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.81 https://jjprojectsok.com/services/engineering https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/services/engineering 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/services/engineering https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/services/engineering 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/services/procurement https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/services/procurement Industrial equipment and material procurement https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.webp From requirement to site, in ten stages. One: the requirement. Scope, specification and quantities are defined and approved. Two: the request for quotation goes to qualified vendors with a clear deadline. Three: vendors return priced quotations against the same scope. Four: evaluation compares technical and commercial compliance side by side. Five: the award selects the compliant offer and records the decision. Six: the purchase order commits scope, terms and delivery in writing. Seven: expediting checks progress against the delivery schedule. Eight: inspection verifies the material against the order before it ships. Nine: shipment, with documents and logistics following the agreed Incoterm. Ten: delivery to site, where the goods are received and checked against the order. The illustrations are generic pictograms of the process. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/services/procurement https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/services/procurement Procura industrial de equipos y materiales https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.webp De la necesidad a la obra, en diez etapas. Uno: el requerimiento. Se definen y aprueban el alcance, la especificación y las cantidades. Dos: la solicitud de cotización se envía a proveedores calificados con una fecha límite clara. Tres: los proveedores devuelven cotizaciones con precio sobre el mismo alcance. Cuatro: la evaluación compara lado a lado el cumplimiento técnico y comercial. Cinco: la adjudicación selecciona la oferta conforme y documenta la decisión. Seis: la orden de compra formaliza por escrito el alcance, las condiciones y la entrega. Siete: el seguimiento verifica el avance contra el cronograma de entrega. Ocho: la inspección verifica el material contra la orden antes del embarque. Nueve: el embarque, con documentos y logística según el Incoterm acordado. Diez: la entrega en obra, donde el material se recibe y se verifica contra la orden. Las ilustraciones son pictogramas genéricos del proceso. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/services/project-management https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/services/project-management 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/services/project-management https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/services/project-management 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.9 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.81 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/steel-structural https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/steel-structural https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/plate-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/seamless-pipe.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/wide-flange-beam.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/channel.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/equal-angle.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-weld-neck.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-slip-on.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-blind.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/elbow-90-lr.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/equal-tee.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/concentric-reducer.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/stud-bolt.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/spiral-wound-gasket.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/finned-tube.svg Steel plate, pipe, flanges, fittings and structural steel https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.webp Pipe schedule for NPS 4, sourced to ASME B36.10M. The outside diameter is fixed at 4.500 inches (114.3 millimetres) for every schedule; the schedule changes the wall thickness, so the bore gets smaller as the wall gets thicker. Schedule 10: wall 0.120 inch (3.05 mm), inside diameter 4.260 inches. Schedule 40, also standard weight: 0.237 inch (6.02 mm), inside diameter 4.026 inches. Schedule 80, also extra strong: 0.337 inch (8.56 mm), inside diameter 3.826 inches. Schedule 120: 0.438 inch (11.13 mm), inside diameter 3.624 inches. Schedule 160: 0.531 inch (13.49 mm), inside diameter 3.438 inches. Double extra strong: 0.674 inch (17.12 mm), inside diameter 3.152 inches. Inside diameters are derived from the outside diameter and the wall. Confirm values against the current edition of the standard before design. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.mp4 25 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/steel-structural https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/steel-structural https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/plate-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/seamless-pipe.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/wide-flange-beam.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/channel.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/equal-angle.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-weld-neck.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-slip-on.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-blind.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/elbow-90-lr.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/equal-tee.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/concentric-reducer.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/stud-bolt.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/spiral-wound-gasket.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/finned-tube.svg Placa de acero, tubería, bridas, accesorios y estructuras https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.webp Cédula de tubería para NPS 4, con fuente en ASME B36.10M. El diámetro exterior es constante, 4,500 pulgadas (114,3 milímetros), en todas las cédulas; la cédula cambia el espesor de pared, de modo que el diámetro interior disminuye a medida que la pared se engrosa. Cédula 10: pared de 0,120 pulgada (3,05 mm), diámetro interior de 4,260 pulgadas. Cédula 40, también peso estándar: 0,237 pulgada (6,02 mm), diámetro interior de 4,026 pulgadas. Cédula 80, también extrafuerte: 0,337 pulgada (8,56 mm), diámetro interior de 3,826 pulgadas. Cédula 120: 0,438 pulgada (11,13 mm), diámetro interior de 3,624 pulgadas. Cédula 160: 0,531 pulgada (13,49 mm), diámetro interior de 3,438 pulgadas. Doble extrafuerte: 0,674 pulgada (17,12 mm), diámetro interior de 3,152 pulgadas. Los diámetros interiores se derivan del diámetro exterior y la pared. Confirme los valores con la edición vigente de la norma antes de diseñar. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.mp4 25 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/valves-process-equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/valves-process-equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gate-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/globe-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/ball-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/swing-check-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/needle-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/horizontal-separator.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/shell-tube-exchanger.svg Industrial valves and fabricated process equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.webp Pressure ratings of ASME B16.5 flanges for material group 1.1, which includes carbon steel such as ASTM A105, in bar. At ambient temperature, 38 degrees Celsius, classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 are rated 19.6, 51.1, 102.1, 153.2, 255.3 and 425.5 bar. As the temperature rises, every class loses capacity. At 400 degrees Celsius the same classes are rated 6.5, 34.7, 69.4, 104.2, 173.6 and 289.3 bar. Class 150 falls to about one third of its ambient rating. The values are the group 1.1 working-pressure ratings up to 400 degrees; confirm them against the current edition of ASME B16.5 before design. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.mp4 21 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/valves-process-equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/valves-process-equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gate-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/globe-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/ball-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/swing-check-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/needle-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/horizontal-separator.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/shell-tube-exchanger.svg Válvulas industriales y equipos de proceso fabricados https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.webp Presiones nominales de las bridas ASME B16.5 para el grupo de material 1.1, que incluye acero al carbono como ASTM A105, en bar. A temperatura ambiente, 38 grados Celsius, las clases 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 y 2500 tienen 19,6, 51,1, 102,1, 153,2, 255,3 y 425,5 bar. Al subir la temperatura, todas las clases pierden capacidad. A 400 grados Celsius las mismas clases tienen 6,5, 34,7, 69,4, 104,2, 173,6 y 289,3 bar. La clase 150 baja a cerca de un tercio de su valor a temperatura ambiente. Los valores son las presiones de trabajo del grupo 1.1 hasta 400 grados; confírmelos con la edición vigente de ASME B16.5 antes de diseñar. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.mp4 21 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/refractory https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/refractory https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/firebrick-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/v-anchor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/lined-wall-section.svg Refractory materials and anchors for fired equipment https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-en.webp Section through a refractory-lined wall, hot side on the left. The steel shell carries the structure. Inside it sits an insulating layer, and inside that the hot-face layer of brick, held to the shell by welded anchors. Hot gas heats the hot face and heat flows outwards through the wall. The temperature profile is illustrative: about 1200 degrees Celsius at the hot face, about 900 at the interface with the insulating layer, falling to about 180 at the inside of the shell and 170 at its outside. The insulating layer carries most of the drop. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-en.mp4 22 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/refractory https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/refractory https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/firebrick-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/v-anchor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/lined-wall-section.svg Materiales refractarios y anclajes para equipos de fuego https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-es.webp Sección de una pared con revestimiento refractario, con el lado caliente a la izquierda. La carcasa de acero soporta la estructura. En su interior hay una capa aislante y, dentro de ella, la capa de cara caliente de ladrillo, sujeta a la carcasa con anclajes soldados. Los gases calientes calientan la cara caliente y el calor fluye hacia afuera a través de la pared. El perfil de temperatura es ilustrativo: cerca de 1200 grados Celsius en la cara caliente, cerca de 900 en la interfaz con la capa aislante, y baja a cerca de 180 en el interior de la carcasa y 170 en su exterior. La capa aislante absorbe la mayor parte de la caída. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-es.mp4 22 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/electrical-instrumentation https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/electrical-instrumentation https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/cable-drum.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/cable-tray.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/junction-box.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/electric-motor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/centrifugal-pump.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/pressure-gauge.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/tube-fitting.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/electrical-instrumentation https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/electrical-instrumentation https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/cable-drum.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/cable-tray.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/junction-box.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/electric-motor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/centrifugal-pump.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/pressure-gauge.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/tube-fitting.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/industrial-safety https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/industrial-safety https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/hard-hat.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gas-detector.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/two-way-radio.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/industrial-safety https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/industrial-safety https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/hard-hat.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gas-detector.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/two-way-radio.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/products/it-office https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/products/it-office https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/server-rack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/laptop.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/printer.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.85 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/products/it-office https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/products/it-office https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/server-rack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/laptop.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/printer.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.77 https://jjprojectsok.com/industries https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/industries 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.8 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/industries https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/industries 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.72 https://jjprojectsok.com/industries/oil-gas https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/industries/oil-gas 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/industries/oil-gas https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/industries/oil-gas 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/industries/petrochemical-refining https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/industries/petrochemical-refining 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/industries/petrochemical-refining https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/industries/petrochemical-refining 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/industries/power-industrial https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/industries/power-industrial 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/industries/power-industrial https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/industries/power-industrial 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/industries/marine https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/industries/marine 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/industries/marine https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/industries/marine 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z weekly 0.8 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z weekly 0.72 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/industrial-procurement-process https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/industrial-procurement-process Industrial procurement process: from requirement to delivery https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.webp From requirement to site, in ten stages. One: the requirement. Scope, specification and quantities are defined and approved. Two: the request for quotation goes to qualified vendors with a clear deadline. Three: vendors return priced quotations against the same scope. Four: evaluation compares technical and commercial compliance side by side. Five: the award selects the compliant offer and records the decision. Six: the purchase order commits scope, terms and delivery in writing. Seven: expediting checks progress against the delivery schedule. Eight: inspection verifies the material against the order before it ships. Nine: shipment, with documents and logistics following the agreed Incoterm. Ten: delivery to site, where the goods are received and checked against the order. The illustrations are generic pictograms of the process. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/industrial-procurement-process https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/industrial-procurement-process Proceso de procura industrial: del requerimiento a la entrega https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.webp De la necesidad a la obra, en diez etapas. Uno: el requerimiento. Se definen y aprueban el alcance, la especificación y las cantidades. Dos: la solicitud de cotización se envía a proveedores calificados con una fecha límite clara. Tres: los proveedores devuelven cotizaciones con precio sobre el mismo alcance. Cuatro: la evaluación compara lado a lado el cumplimiento técnico y comercial. Cinco: la adjudicación selecciona la oferta conforme y documenta la decisión. Seis: la orden de compra formaliza por escrito el alcance, las condiciones y la entrega. Siete: el seguimiento verifica el avance contra el cronograma de entrega. Ocho: la inspección verifica el material contra la orden antes del embarque. Nueve: el embarque, con documentos y logística según el Incoterm acordado. Diez: la entrega en obra, donde el material se recibe y se verifica contra la orden. Las ilustraciones son pictogramas genéricos del proceso. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/how-to-write-an-rfq https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/how-to-write-an-rfq How to write an RFQ for industrial materials https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.webp From requirement to site, in ten stages. One: the requirement. Scope, specification and quantities are defined and approved. Two: the request for quotation goes to qualified vendors with a clear deadline. Three: vendors return priced quotations against the same scope. Four: evaluation compares technical and commercial compliance side by side. Five: the award selects the compliant offer and records the decision. Six: the purchase order commits scope, terms and delivery in writing. Seven: expediting checks progress against the delivery schedule. Eight: inspection verifies the material against the order before it ships. Nine: shipment, with documents and logistics following the agreed Incoterm. Ten: delivery to site, where the goods are received and checked against the order. The illustrations are generic pictograms of the process. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-en.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/how-to-write-an-rfq https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/how-to-write-an-rfq Cómo redactar una RFQ para materiales industriales https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.webp De la necesidad a la obra, en diez etapas. Uno: el requerimiento. Se definen y aprueban el alcance, la especificación y las cantidades. Dos: la solicitud de cotización se envía a proveedores calificados con una fecha límite clara. Tres: los proveedores devuelven cotizaciones con precio sobre el mismo alcance. Cuatro: la evaluación compara lado a lado el cumplimiento técnico y comercial. Cinco: la adjudicación selecciona la oferta conforme y documenta la decisión. Seis: la orden de compra formaliza por escrito el alcance, las condiciones y la entrega. Siete: el seguimiento verifica el avance contra el cronograma de entrega. Ocho: la inspección verifica el material contra la orden antes del embarque. Nueve: el embarque, con documentos y logística según el Incoterm acordado. Diez: la entrega en obra, donde el material se recibe y se verifica contra la orden. Las ilustraciones son pictogramas genéricos del proceso. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/rfq-to-delivery-es.mp4 55 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/pipe-schedules-explained https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/pipe-schedules-explained https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/seamless-pipe.svg Pipe schedules explained: NPS, OD and wall thickness https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.webp Pipe schedule for NPS 4, sourced to ASME B36.10M. The outside diameter is fixed at 4.500 inches (114.3 millimetres) for every schedule; the schedule changes the wall thickness, so the bore gets smaller as the wall gets thicker. Schedule 10: wall 0.120 inch (3.05 mm), inside diameter 4.260 inches. Schedule 40, also standard weight: 0.237 inch (6.02 mm), inside diameter 4.026 inches. Schedule 80, also extra strong: 0.337 inch (8.56 mm), inside diameter 3.826 inches. Schedule 120: 0.438 inch (11.13 mm), inside diameter 3.624 inches. Schedule 160: 0.531 inch (13.49 mm), inside diameter 3.438 inches. Double extra strong: 0.674 inch (17.12 mm), inside diameter 3.152 inches. Inside diameters are derived from the outside diameter and the wall. Confirm values against the current edition of the standard before design. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.mp4 25 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/pipe-schedules-explained https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/pipe-schedules-explained https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/seamless-pipe.svg Schedule de tubería explicado: NPS, diámetro exterior y espesor https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.webp Cédula de tubería para NPS 4, con fuente en ASME B36.10M. El diámetro exterior es constante, 4,500 pulgadas (114,3 milímetros), en todas las cédulas; la cédula cambia el espesor de pared, de modo que el diámetro interior disminuye a medida que la pared se engrosa. Cédula 10: pared de 0,120 pulgada (3,05 mm), diámetro interior de 4,260 pulgadas. Cédula 40, también peso estándar: 0,237 pulgada (6,02 mm), diámetro interior de 4,026 pulgadas. Cédula 80, también extrafuerte: 0,337 pulgada (8,56 mm), diámetro interior de 3,826 pulgadas. Cédula 120: 0,438 pulgada (11,13 mm), diámetro interior de 3,624 pulgadas. Cédula 160: 0,531 pulgada (13,49 mm), diámetro interior de 3,438 pulgadas. Doble extrafuerte: 0,674 pulgada (17,12 mm), diámetro interior de 3,152 pulgadas. Los diámetros interiores se derivan del diámetro exterior y la pared. Confirme los valores con la edición vigente de la norma antes de diseñar. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/pipe-schedule.mp4 25 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/flange-pressure-classes https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/flange-pressure-classes https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-weld-neck.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-slip-on.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-blind.svg Flange pressure classes explained: ASME B16.5 and B16.47 https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.webp Pressure ratings of ASME B16.5 flanges for material group 1.1, which includes carbon steel such as ASTM A105, in bar. At ambient temperature, 38 degrees Celsius, classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 are rated 19.6, 51.1, 102.1, 153.2, 255.3 and 425.5 bar. As the temperature rises, every class loses capacity. At 400 degrees Celsius the same classes are rated 6.5, 34.7, 69.4, 104.2, 173.6 and 289.3 bar. Class 150 falls to about one third of its ambient rating. The values are the group 1.1 working-pressure ratings up to 400 degrees; confirm them against the current edition of ASME B16.5 before design. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.mp4 21 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/flange-pressure-classes https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/flange-pressure-classes https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-weld-neck.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-slip-on.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/flange-blind.svg Clases de presión de bridas: ASME B16.5 y B16.47 https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.webp Presiones nominales de las bridas ASME B16.5 para el grupo de material 1.1, que incluye acero al carbono como ASTM A105, en bar. A temperatura ambiente, 38 grados Celsius, las clases 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 y 2500 tienen 19,6, 51,1, 102,1, 153,2, 255,3 y 425,5 bar. Al subir la temperatura, todas las clases pierden capacidad. A 400 grados Celsius las mismas clases tienen 6,5, 34,7, 69,4, 104,2, 173,6 y 289,3 bar. La clase 150 baja a cerca de un tercio de su valor a temperatura ambiente. Los valores son las presiones de trabajo del grupo 1.1 hasta 400 grados; confírmelos con la edición vigente de ASME B16.5 antes de diseñar. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/flange-classes.mp4 21 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/material-test-reports https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/material-test-reports 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/material-test-reports https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/material-test-reports 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/incoterms-2020 https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/incoterms-2020 Incoterms 2020 explained: the 11 rules and where risk passes https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/incoterms-2020-en.webp Incoterms 2020, published by the International Chamber of Commerce, state where the seller's costs and risk end. The route runs from the seller's premises on the left to the buyer on the right: a teal line is what the seller pays, a dashed line what the buyer pays, and a diamond marks where risk passes. Group E: EXW. The buyer takes the goods at the seller's premises and also handles export clearance. Group F: FCA, FAS and FOB. The seller clears export. Under FCA risk passes at handover to the carrier. Under FAS the goods are alongside the vessel, and under FOB on board; FAS and FOB are for sea and inland waterway only. Group C: CPT, CIP, CFR and CIF. The seller pays the main carriage, but risk passes earlier. Under CPT and CIP the seller pays carriage to the named destination while risk passes at handover to the first carrier; CIP also requires insurance at the higher ICC (A) level. Under CFR and CIF, for sea and inland waterway, the seller pays freight to the destination port while risk passes on board at loading; CIF requires insurance at the minimum ICC (C) level. Group D: DAP, DPU and DDP. The seller delivers at the destination. Under DAP the goods are ready for unloading; under DPU the seller also unloads them. Under DDP the seller also clears import and pays duties, the only rule that places import clearance on the seller. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/incoterms-2020-en.mp4 34 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/incoterms-2020 https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/incoterms-2020 Incoterms 2020 explicados: las 11 reglas y dónde pasa el riesgo https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/incoterms-2020-es.webp Los Incoterms 2020, publicados por la Cámara de Comercio Internacional, indican dónde terminan los costos y el riesgo del vendedor. La ruta va del local del vendedor, a la izquierda, al comprador, a la derecha: la línea verde azulada es lo que paga el vendedor, la línea discontinua lo que paga el comprador y el rombo marca dónde pasa el riesgo. Grupo E: EXW. El comprador recibe la mercancía en el local del vendedor y además gestiona el despacho de exportación. Grupo F: FCA, FAS y FOB. El vendedor despacha la exportación. En FCA el riesgo pasa en la entrega al transportista. En FAS la mercancía queda al costado del buque y en FOB a bordo; FAS y FOB son solo para transporte marítimo y fluvial. Grupo C: CPT, CIP, CFR y CIF. El vendedor paga el transporte principal, pero el riesgo pasa antes. En CPT y CIP el vendedor paga el transporte hasta el destino convenido mientras el riesgo pasa en la entrega al primer transportista; CIP exige además un seguro de nivel ICC (A), el más amplio. En CFR y CIF, solo para transporte marítimo y fluvial, el vendedor paga el flete hasta el puerto de destino mientras el riesgo pasa a bordo en la carga; CIF exige un seguro de nivel mínimo ICC (C). Grupo D: DAP, DPU y DDP. El vendedor entrega en destino. En DAP la mercancía queda lista para la descarga; en DPU el vendedor también la descarga. En DDP el vendedor además despacha la importación y paga los aranceles, la única regla que asigna el despacho de importación al vendedor. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/incoterms-2020-es.mp4 34 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/refractory-lining-basics https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/refractory-lining-basics https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/firebrick-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/v-anchor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/lined-wall-section.svg Refractory lining basics: materials, anchors and dry-out https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-en.webp Section through a refractory-lined wall, hot side on the left. The steel shell carries the structure. Inside it sits an insulating layer, and inside that the hot-face layer of brick, held to the shell by welded anchors. Hot gas heats the hot face and heat flows outwards through the wall. The temperature profile is illustrative: about 1200 degrees Celsius at the hot face, about 900 at the interface with the insulating layer, falling to about 180 at the inside of the shell and 170 at its outside. The insulating layer carries most of the drop. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-en.mp4 22 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/refractory-lining-basics https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/refractory-lining-basics https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/firebrick-stack.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/v-anchor.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/lined-wall-section.svg Fundamentos del revestimiento refractario: materiales, anclajes y secado https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-es.webp Sección de una pared con revestimiento refractario, con el lado caliente a la izquierda. La carcasa de acero soporta la estructura. En su interior hay una capa aislante y, dentro de ella, la capa de cara caliente de ladrillo, sujeta a la carcasa con anclajes soldados. Los gases calientes calientan la cara caliente y el calor fluye hacia afuera a través de la pared. El perfil de temperatura es ilustrativo: cerca de 1200 grados Celsius en la cara caliente, cerca de 900 en la interfaz con la capa aislante, y baja a cerca de 180 en el interior de la carcasa y 170 en su exterior. La capa aislante absorbe la mayor parte de la caída. https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/video/refractory-lining-es.mp4 22 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/stud-bolts-and-gaskets https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/stud-bolts-and-gaskets https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/stud-bolt.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/spiral-wound-gasket.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/stud-bolts-and-gaskets https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/stud-bolts-and-gaskets https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/stud-bolt.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/spiral-wound-gasket.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/valve-types-and-standards https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/valve-types-and-standards https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gate-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/globe-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/ball-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/swing-check-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/needle-valve.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.75 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/valve-types-and-standards https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/valve-types-and-standards https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/gate-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/globe-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/ball-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/swing-check-valve.svg https://jjprojectsok.com/studio/drawings/needle-valve.svg 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.68 https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/glossary https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/knowledge/glossary 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.7 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge/glossary https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/knowledge/glossary 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.63 https://jjprojectsok.com/about https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/about 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.7 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/about https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/about 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.63 https://jjprojectsok.com/representations https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/representations 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.6 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/representations https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/representations 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.54 https://jjprojectsok.com/contact https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/contact 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.8 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/contact https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/contact 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.72 https://jjprojectsok.com/request-a-quote https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/request-a-quote 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.9 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/request-a-quote https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/request-a-quote 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.81 https://jjprojectsok.com/privacy https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/privacy 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.2 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/privacy https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/privacy 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.18 https://jjprojectsok.com/terms https://jjprojectsok.com/og/en/terms 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.2 https://jjprojectsok.com/es/terms https://jjprojectsok.com/og/es/terms 2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z monthly 0.18