# What buyers and engineers ask before they order.

> Practical guides on RFQs, pipe schedules, flange classes, MTRs, Incoterms 2020, refractory, bolting and valves, plus a bilingual glossary of procurement terms.

URL: https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge  
Español: https://jjprojectsok.com/es/knowledge  
Updated: 2026-10-15

Short, sourced guides to the specifications, documents and terms behind industrial procurement, in English and Spanish.

**In short:** The JJ Projects knowledge base explains industrial procurement: how the procurement process runs, how to write an RFQ, pipe schedules, flange pressure classes, material test reports, Incoterms 2020, refractory linings, stud bolts and gaskets, and valve types, with a bilingual glossary of terms.

## Guides

- [Industrial procurement process: from requirement to delivery](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/industrial-procurement-process): How industrial procurement works, step by step: requirement, RFQ, bid tabulation, evaluation, award, PO, expediting, inspection, logistics and delivery.
- [How to write an RFQ for industrial materials](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/how-to-write-an-rfq): What an RFQ for industrial materials must specify: item, size, schedule or class, grade, standard, quantity, MTRs, inspection, packing and Incoterm.
- [Pipe schedules explained: NPS, OD and wall thickness](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/pipe-schedules-explained): NPS is a label, not a measurement. Learn how pipe schedule sets wall thickness under ASME B36.10M and B36.19M, with OD and wall tables for NPS 2, 4, 6 and 8.
- [Flange pressure classes explained: ASME B16.5 and B16.47](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/flange-pressure-classes): How ASME flange classes 150 to 2500 work: B16.5 vs B16.47, pressure-temperature ratings, facings RF, FF and RTJ, flange types and common materials.
- [Material test reports (MTRs): EN 10204 types and what to check](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/material-test-reports): What a material test report contains, how EN 10204 types 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2 differ, what heat numbers mean, and what to check against the purchase order.
- [Incoterms 2020 explained: the 11 rules and where risk passes](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/incoterms-2020): All 11 Incoterms 2020 rules in one table: where the seller delivers, where risk and cost pass, who clears export and import, plus US to Latin America notes.
- [Refractory lining basics: materials, anchors and dry-out](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/refractory-lining-basics): How refractory linings work in heaters, boilers and reformers: dense and insulating castables, firebrick, ceramic fiber, anchors, and why dry-out matters.
- [Stud bolts and gaskets: ASTM A193, A194, A320 and ASME B16.20](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/stud-bolts-and-gaskets): How to specify flange bolting and gaskets: ASTM A193 B7, B7M, B8, A194 2H and 2HM nuts, A320 L7, coatings and spiral-wound gaskets to ASME B16.20.
- [Valve types and standards: API 600, 602, 6D, 608, 594 and ASME B16.34](https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/valve-types-and-standards): Gate, globe, ball, check, butterfly and needle valves: what each does, which standards apply (API 600, 602, 6D, 608, 594, B16.34) and how to choose.

## Glossary

Procurement, materials and logistics terms in English and Spanish.

https://jjprojectsok.com/knowledge/glossary